CIRCULATION STUDIO FIELD GUIDE
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Disease states
Where to select each condition and what the scenario illustrates.
Acute Myocardial Infarction
Illustrative acute myocardial infarction with LV pump dysfunction and pulmonary venous congestion.
Acute Myocarditis
Illustrative acute myocarditis with reduced forward output and elevated filling pressures.
Acute Severe Aortic Regurgitation
Abrupt LV volume overload raises LV filling and pulmonary venous pressures, with hypotension and low forward output.
Acute Severe Mitral Regurgitation
Abrupt regurgitation into a relatively noncompliant left atrium produces high wedge pressure, a large v wave and reduced forward output.
Anaphylactic Shock
Vasodilation and capillary leak produce hypotension with low filling pressures.
Cardiac Tamponade
Elevated, nearly equal filling pressures with a blunted right atrial y descent.
Cardiogenic Shock
Predominantly left-sided pump failure with low output, hypotension and elevated filling pressures.
Chronic Severe Aortic Regurgitation
Chronic severe AR with a wide arterial pulse pressure and preserved resting forward flow. The LV accommodates regurgitant volume without assuming pulmonary congestion at baseline.
Chronic Severe Mitral Regurgitation
Chronic severe MR with modest LA pressure elevation, a prominent v wave and preserved resting forward flow. This isolated-valve example does not assume pulmonary vascular remodeling.
Constrictive Pericarditis
Rapid early filling followed by abrupt constraint produces a dip-and-plateau pattern.
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Dilated cardiomyopathy with reduced forward output and elevated LV filling pressure transmitted to the pulmonary circulation.
Heart Failure · Preserved Output
Warm and wet teaching phenotype: elevated filling pressures and congestion with preserved forward cardiac output and blood pressure.
High-Output Heart Failure
High-flow congested phenotype with low systemic resistance and elevated filling pressures.
Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy
Dynamic LV outflow obstruction with impaired filling and an illustrative spike-and-dome arterial contour.
Hypovolemic Shock
Reduced circulating volume lowers venous return and filling pressures, producing low output and hypotension.